The Bernese Mountain Dog: Historical Information

In the course of time, the sport of dogs has developed a way to judge and evaluate its breeding stock. Each breed has a set standard by which it is judged. The standards are generally purpose-driven and, depending on the breed, sometimes fashion-driven; the latter not being preferred in a working dog. Standards of dogs from non-English speaking countries may suffer from inaccuracies or misunderstanding in translation to English.

For instance, what one culture understands as a guard dog, another understands as a watchdog, a nd yet another understands as a watchful dog. It is to be noted that Swiss farms are very different from American farms.

In the case of the Bernese Mountain Dog, the AKC standard was originally a direct translation from the FCI standard at the time of recognition in 1937. The first BMDCA revision, made in 1980, and the second, made in 1990, reflected changes in the FCI standard as well as incorporation of AKC requirements. Major changes included raising the height on the lower end and adding a section on movement.

The historical essence of the Bernese Mountain Dog is that it has been a farm dog of the midland regions of Switzerland, mostly around the city of Berne. In that capacity, it was primarily used as a companion and watchdog to the farmer and his family. It alerted his owner to unfamiliar visitors. It may have been used as a dog to pull a cart. A large dog, well-muscled and with sturdy bone, was needed for this task.

It may have been used to accompany cows to pasture but not for long distances as dogs that work on a range. As most Swiss farmers had a small number of cows, the dog was not required to manage large herds. The Bernese Mountain Dog was not a herding dog for sheep and goats as these animals were not kept usually on Bernese farms except in very small numbers.

In other parts of Switzerland, especially in the alpine regions, such tasks were done by smaller, quicker dogs such as the Appenzeller and Entlebucher. The temperament of the Bernese Mountain Dog was never to be sharp or shy.

The history of the breed, therefore, is one of a watchful farm dog. Those fanciers who wish to have conformation dogs, obedience, draft, agility, tracking, or herding dogs would be wise to heed the heritage of the breed and mind that this is not a breed of any one specific sport but is a Swiss farmer’s companion.

ADDITIONAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON BERNESE FARMS
by Margret Baertschi

The term “farm” or “farm dog” does not mean the same thing when used for Swiss or Bernese farmers as when it is used in the USA. The farm in the two countries/continents is two very different things. In order to get an idea of what the duties of a farm dog on a farm around Berne were like a hundred years ago, one must have seen a Bernese farm and understood its functioning.

The main business of the dogs on Bernese farms has always been to be good watchdogs. These farms were built at a distance from each other, each one situated more or less in the center of the land that was cultivated by the farmer’s family. A dog that announced strangers (man and other animals) which approached the farm or the nearby meadows was essential for the security of all the living creatures there.

The land belonging to a farm was from about 5 ha for the poorer farmers up to 15 ha at the maximum for the richest farmers (1 ha = 2.47 acres). Up until about 1830, the farmers did not have a great number of cattle (cows), because they had no use for the milk. Their main income was from different kinds of grain: wheat, barley, oats, etc. (maize was unknown). The cattle and some sheep, horses, and swine moved freely around the houses and in the nearby forests. The crops were fenced to save them from being eaten by the animals. The cattle did not have to go far.

Only after about 1840, when the cheeseries were built and farmers could sell their milk at a reasonable price, did the farmers start to have more cattle (about 6 to 15 cows at the maximum and some heifers and calves), as many as they could nourish on their land. Poor people (day-laborers) kept a few goats instead.

At the same time, the farmers started to keep the cattle in stables, not only in winter but all the year round, through summer. This means that there was not a lot of driving to be done on the farm itself. The few sheep (maybe 6 to 10) that were also kept on some farms could move freely in the nearby poorer parts of the land that were not cultivated and in the forests.

It was the butchers who also kept dogs to drive the cattle they bought on the farms to distant places where they were either slaughtered or sold to other merchants.

I have found reference to these facts lately in a newer publication of a historian who specialized in the history of farming in the Canton Berne from 1700 till 1914 (First World War). His name is Prof. Dr. Christian Pfister; he lectures at the University of Berne.

Mrs. Egg-Leach, an English woman, referred to the dog as a weaver’s cart dog. Mrs. Baertschi questions the use of a dog as such, as her experience was that the dogs were used to pull milk. Perhaps Mrs. Egg-Leach knew a few weavers who used their dogs but never met anyone in her travels that used the dogs for milk or cheese. Does this example mean that the dogs were solely used as weavers’ dogs? No. But we can conclude that the dog was used as a draft dog.

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Living With the Bernese Mountain Dog

The Bernese Mountain Dog is a breed in the Working Group which originated in the midlands of Switzerland. It has been known as the farmer’s companion in the Canton of Bern, working as a companion, watchdog, cart puller or draft dog, and has been known to herd small numbers of cows. These tasks have been the reason for the breed’s amiable temperament which has translated into a gently, large, loyal companion with relatively low energy levels.

The Bernese Mountain Dog is characterized by its large size, generally 23-26 inches, 80-100 lbs for females, and 25-27 ½ inches, or 90-120 lbs for males. The coat is shining black and long and easy to keep clean with weekly brushing. The black coat is accented with white and tan markings on the face, chest and legs. The attractive markings are what often intrigue those to the breed, but it’s the sweet nature and character of the dog that are far more important to those who have owned them.

Although known locally to the Bernese farmers, toward the end of the 19th century, the breed was nearly extinct. A group of Swiss farm dogs were sought out and exhibited in 1904. By 1908 the breed was recognized in Switzerland. Breeding for specific characteristics refined the breed. The breed was slow to get established in the United States, being first recognized by the American Kennel Club with a pair of dogs in 1937. There were only a few litters every year thereafter until American fanciers formed the Bernese Mtn. Dog Club of America (BMDCA) in 1968.

Because of its sensitive nature, the Bernese Mountain Dog makes the ideal family dog. Life is best for this dog when it is with its family. Although they adapt well to cold and rainy weather and absolutely love snow, they much prefer to be wherever their owner is, whether indoors or out. Caution must be taken in hot climates. Both because of the long coat and the black color which absorbs heat, the Bernese Mountain Dog is not suited for extreme heat. Moreover, they do not do well as kennel dogs. They get along well with other animals, but they are closely bonded to their human. They require regular exercise but are not high energy dogs. Many dogs have excelled in the obedience, agility and tracking venues being able to endure the rigor of those sports but they are not natural retrievers. What they do love to do is pull carts! The BMDCA has the largest draft tests program in the world with many enthusiasts earning their titles.

Puppies grow quickly into large dogs. Because of this, good socialization, manners and basic obedience skills should be taught from the beginning of the dog’s life. Most Bernese Mountain Dogs begin to settle into their mature low-key nature around the age of two years. Because this is a breed that likes to eat, they respond quickly to training methods which use food as a reward! They are truly wonderful tracking dogs and some have been used in search and rescue efforts. Their gentle nature also makes them great as therapy dogs. Some puppies tend to be sensitive and need to be exposed to different life circumstances. A good breeder will have done much of this prior to sending pups to their new homes. The best physical exercise for a pup is to let them exercise at their own pace. Care should be taken that puppies not be stressed in their exercise.

The coat is one that is easily kept. It must be said that they do shed copious amounts when they do shed. The female will shed in relationship to her cycle, or twice a year. A male will shed his coat normally about once a year. Daily brushing is necessary at these times. Matting may occur under the ears or on the belly if the dog is not brushed. People whose wardrobe or carpets are primarily white will want to consider changing their fashion.

Those interested in being owned by a Bernese Mountain Dog should carefully research the breeder. This is a breed which has come a long way in improving its orthopedics, specifically hip and elbow dysplasia, but certainly there are still cases. Other health issues include cancer and allergies. Good breeders test for eye disease, von Willdebrands, heart conditions, degenerative myelopathy as well as orthopedic issues. In buying a dog, do not consider that a less expensive dog is a good buy simply because it has good markings. Consider first the health of the dog, the health of the dogs in the pedigree, and the temperament of those dogs. The average age of a BMD is seven years. Some have lived well beyond ten. Sadly, as a breed highly susceptible to cancer, some dogs die at a much younger age. The BMDCA has developed a wonderful resource for puppy buyers with www.Bernergarde.org, a not-for-profit, volunteer database available to the public for researching pedigrees and breeders. There are thirty regional clubs throughout the US made up of dedicated Bernese Mtn. Dog owners, rich with knowledge about the breed.

The highlights of our Standard emphasize these points: large, sturdy, balanced, tri-colored and good tempered. All of these are inherent in the breed. New owners will quickly learn that the last characteristic is what steals their hearts. Did the message come across that this breed wants a strong relationship with its owner? The Bernese Mountain Dog lives to please.

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1. Where do you live? Where do you go to school?

Raini Johnson: I live and go to school in Somerset, Wisconsin.

2. Do you have any hobbies or interests apart from purebred dogs? Do you have a job?

Raini Johnson: I compete in gymnastics and I take band and choir at my school. I participate in our local 4-H. Other hobbies I have are riding horses, camping, snowmobiling, skiing, and four-wheeling. No, I don’t have a job. I am only 12 and stay pretty busy with all of my activities.

3. Have you grown up in a doggy family? What is your breed(s)?

Raini Johnson: Yes, we have mostly had Bernese Mountain Dogs, but when I was little we had a mutt named “Koda.”

4. How were you introduced to Junior Showmanship? When did you start competing?

Raini Johnson: My Mom used to show dogs with my aunt Karen when she was my age, and so, I started showing in Pee Wees. I started when I was 8 and showed my aunt’s BMD in Rochester, Minnesota.

5. What do you remember about the first time you showed as a Junior?

Raini Johnson: When I turned 9, my very first show was at the Bernese Mountain Dog National Specialty in Estes Park, Colorado. I showed a dog named “Biscuit” who is owned by a friend of ours, Coleen Carroll. I was so nervous as it was my first actual show. Luckily, there were some other Juniors who helped me out. I ended up in Third Place in the Junior Novice class and from there, the rest is history.

6. How do you prepare your dog and yourself for the ring? Any rituals? Any good luck charms?

Raini Johnson: I like to groom my dog and touch them up right before I go in the ring. It calms me down and lowers any anxious feeling I have about competing. It also gets my dogs looking their best. My good luck charms are my special leads that I show my dogs in.

7. What’s it like in the ring when the pressure is on? Do you have a secret for handling the nerves?

Raini Johnson: I tend to get the butterflies when the pressure is on. I have to tell myself to take deep breaths and that calms me down. I have to tell myself to keep calm and that my dog will be calm too. She depends on me and I depend on her.

8. Do you have a mentor in the sport? Have you assisted any Professional Handlers?

Raini Johnson: Yes, I have a few mentors who have helped me along the way: First, Joanne, who helps me by coaching me at her classes; Christina Olson because she teaches me different techniques to help me and my dog stand out in the ring; Coleen Carrol who helps to teach me how to make my dogs look their best with grooming techniques; my Mom (Lisa Johnson) because she calms me and helps me to keep my dogs happy; and my Aunt (Karen Johnson) who knows so much about our breed—I have learned so much from her. All of my mentors come and cheer me on and I am so grateful they are there to support me.

I have helped Christina Olson at shows by being her grooming bag girl ringside.

9. Are there any wins for which you are particularly proud? Any memorable losses?

Raini Johnson: At a Specialty in Joliet, Illinois, that had a large entry, I won Select Bitch the first day and then Best of Opposite Sex and Best of Breed Owner-Handled. The other win I am very proud of, and is most memorable to me, was winning Reserve Best Junior Handler at our Specialty in Sacramento, California.

Not making the cut in Florida for Juniors made me feel like I wasn’t enough for the judge, and that was a tough loss. However, knowing that I have come as far as I have, and even the fact that I qualified for the National Championship show, is pretty special and it was a great learning experience. It was a lot different than an average show. There were so many talented Junior Handlers competing and it pushes me to try and be better next time.

10. How do you accentuate your dog’s breed type in the ring? How do you try to stand out?

Raini Johnson: I would say that it’s not just for Bernese but specifically for my dog, “Nina.” I like to show off her free-stacks. It sets her apart from other dogs and she really shines. I try to be a little different in my technique and not just follow what the other kids are doing. I may free-stack at a different angle. Or, if she is being “extra” that day, I will do different turns and stacks to refocus her brain.

11. Are there any breeds that you haven’t yet shown but would like to some day?

Raini Johnson: I would love to show a Leonberger someday because they are big and fluffy and super adorable. I would also like to show a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. I just like the breed. They seem like they would be a lot of fun even though they are smaller than the dogs I’m used to.

12. What can be done to encourage more young people to participate in Junior Showmanship?

Raini Johnson: We could do more demonstrations at our state fair. I participated in it this last year, it was a great turn out. I also think that different clubs and AKC can keep highlighting Juniors and what they do. This will encourage other kids to see all the fun they can have with their dog.

13. Have you bred or co-bred a litter? If so, can you share what you’ve learned from the experience?

Raini Johnson: I have helped to raise litters of puppies that my Aunt and Mom have had. I have learned that you have to have patience with them and they are a lot of work.

14. Is breeding something that you’d like to pursue? Is breed preservation important to you?

Raini Johnson: Yes, 100%. Breed preservation is important because breeding a dog with a different type of breed can change the dog, which is not what we want to do as responsible dog owners. It could also create or make it more likely to get a disease or a bad temperament.

15. What are your goals for the future? Do you see yourself continuing in the sport once you’ve aged-out?

Raini Johnson: My goals for the future are to get people to do more stuff with their dogs and to be active with them. I see myself continuing after I’ve aged-out, yes, because it’s so much fun!!!

16. Can you share a word or two about your relationship with your current dog? What does s/he mean to you?

Raini Johnson: “Teamwork Makes the Dream Work.” She means the whole world and without her I probably would not have the same opportunities or successes I have had.

17. Is there a funny story that you can share about experiences as a Junior Handler?

Raini Johnson: One time, I was showing our veteran in Juniors and the gating was a low fence that my dog had never seen before. She decided it was a great idea to turn into an Agility dog and jump the fence. So, I had to call my dog back. (Thankfully, she knows obedience.) I was embarrassed, but it was really funny.

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Interview With Owner Handler Hunter Calvelage

I am Hunter Calvelage of Carma Que Bernese Mountain Dogs. I am a twenty-two-year-old third generation Breeder, Owner, Handler from Ohio. I was raised in the sport and spend every day trying to do my part to better the world of purebred dogs.

How were you first introduced to the sport of purebred dogs? To your breed?

Hunter Calvelage: I am third generation Breeder, Owner, Handler of Bernese Mountain Dogs. I am so grateful to have been brought into the sport since the day I was born. I experimented around with other breeds, but my heart always brings me back to my original love.

How many years in dogs? In your breed?

Hunter Calvelage: I have been involved with our dogs since before I could walk and talk! I have always shown a deep interest in the care, love, and sport of the dogs. I am now twenty-two years of age.

Do you attend show handling classes? Have you attended in-person handling seminars?

Hunter Calvelage: I attended many handling classes and seminars while I completed in Juniors. I admittedly have not attended one in years, but that does not mean I would not attend another.

Have you found virtual learning tools to be helpful? Videos? Websites? Social Media? AKC Canine College?

Hunter Calvelage: I am a sponge for learning. I love using virtual tools! Nobody ever stops learning, but I feel comfortable with my handling skills that I spend my time finding knowledge in the aspects of structure, grooming, health, and other things that I feel I could benefit deeper on. With that being said, you can only learn so much virtually. If you have the opportunity for in-person lessons and experiences, then absolutely take them! I love listening to podcasts while driving to and from shows.

Do you compete in the National Owner-Handled Series? Are rankings important to you?

Hunter Calvelage: I am not currently eligible to compete in the National Owner-Handled Series. I have handled professionally, removing this opportunity for me. Hopefully, five years from now I will have this eligibility back.

When I did compete in Owner-Handled, rankings were important to me. They showed my hard work, time, and beliefs on a larger scale. With that said, I would never let rankings be the only thing that fuels my desire to show. Rankings are fun to follow, but they can absolutely consume someone and consume the fun that is supposed to come from showing your own dog.

In which class(es) are you most likely to enter your dog(s)?

Hunter Calvelage: I am never picky on which classes to enter. If I have the opportunity, I always prefer to enter in Bred-By. But if I’m not a breeder on paper, then I like to enter in the age-appropriate class.

Who have been your mentor(s) as an Owner Handler?

Hunter Calvelage: I have so many people I could list here. I was lucky to have the opportunity to be brought up in dog shows, so I’ve been mentored by people since a young age. I could not thank anyone more than my Mom. She gave me the opportunity to work for numerous handlers, spend summers with fellow Bernese breeders to deepen my understanding of the breed, and make connections on my own that will last a lifetime. Again, there are so many handlers, breeders, and co-owners I could list here and they all know who they are. One of my dearest mentors and friends, whom I miss every day and wish I could call for her opinion now that I’m making my own breeding decisions, is the late Fara Bushnell of Ayehli Bernese Mountain Dogs. I can only hope I am making her proud.

You get the praise for all your hard work, for the countless hours of conditioning, raising, training, and driving to shows, and for the time and money you spend.

What are the benefits of competing with your breed(s) as an Owner Handler?

Hunter Calvelage: I love showing my own dogs. After showing numerous client dogs, nothing feels better than winning with one of your own dogs. It is not just the joy of just being handed a ribbon. You get the praise for all your hard work, for the countless hours of conditioning, raising, training, and driving to shows, and for the time and money you spend. It is all being honored in that moment of a win. You don’t get that deep connection as a handler. I’m not saying a big win is not exciting, but it is not deeply personal. That is worth the world to me as an Owner Handler; the joys of showing something I can say is mine and that I’m proud of it.

How are you encouraging new exhibitors to participate in the sport?

Hunter Calvelage: I am proud that I had the opportunity to put some of our puppies in new show homes. This opportunity is so honoring, to watch people grow into loving the sport like I do alongside a dog that I love equally.

I also love helping people who I do not have a connection to. I am always trying to help my fellow Bernese Mountain Dog lovers or other new exhibitors I meet along the way. If that is just being a friendly face, helping with motivation, being a listening ear, or doing something I can physically help them on, like grooming or handling. Everyone needs a friend in this sport and I try to give that friendly feeling, knowing it can be hard to find sometimes.

Are there any suggestions you’d like to pass along about the presentation of your breed(s).

Hunter Calvelage: The Bernese community as a whole is a friendly place. I love that our breed is growing to become a lot more common. We are seeing many new Owner Handlers and professionals being added into our breed. I just hope that the dignity of our Breed Standard continues to be brought into consideration. I am seeing so many handlers that, like every breed, are sculpting them until their fingers bleed. I would just like to pass on the note, “Read your Standard.” Dog shows are about breeding stock. Not every dog is built for the show ring and not everything needs to be over-groomed. When you present your Bernese, you should be proud and happy to be out there with that dog! If not, maybe you should ask yourself why you are showing in that ring.

If you have the opportunity for in-person lessons and experiences, then absolutely take them! I love listening to podcasts while driving to and from shows.

What are your goals as an Owner Handler? Is there a victory that has eluded you?

Hunter Calvelage: I have many, many goals as an Owner, Breeder, and Handler. I am still young and hope to obtain them all over time. I feel my most complex goal is to have a breeding program that I can be proud of. I am absolutely proud of where my program is now, but where does that goal end? How many beautiful dogs do I have to breed?

How many wins do I have to receive to fulfill that dream? I hope it is a never-ending goal, so I can continue reaching for the stars and continue to find them. My big goals are more rooted in my breed ring than in the all-breed ring, as I feel the win is more personal. Winning our National Specialty is the top of my win goals, but that doesn’t mean I wouldn’t be equally as excited to receive an All-Breed Best in Show.

Is there a funny story that you can share about your experiences as an Owner Handler?

Hunter Calvelage: I feel like every dog show brings its own funny stories home. I like to enjoy and find the humor at every show with my friends. Nothing directly comes to mind to share, but I hope everyone can at least hear me when I say, “Relax and enjoy it.” If you are not having fun with your dog, then what is really the point of all this?

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Bernese Mountain Dogs and Draft Work by Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America, Inc.

History of the Bernese Mountain Dog

Bernese Mountain Dogs were working dogs for generations in the Bernese Oberland of Switzerland. Traditionally, Bernese hauled dairy products such as milk and cream from the farms to the dairy, often accompanied by children and occasionally alone. As a working dog, the Bernese contributed significantly to the family’s prosperity.

Draft in America

The BMDCA approved Draft Test Regulations in January 1991 and the first test was held in New England in the fall of that year. Since then, the sport of Draft in the Bernese community has grown tremendously, with many titles earned by enthusiastic teams. Regional clubs across the country hold one or more Draft Tests a year, and every BMDCA National Specialty since 1992 has offered Draft Tests. To both recognize and promote the Draft heritage of the Bernese Mountain Dog, the BMDCA Versatility Award, established in 1995, requires a BMDCA Draft title as well as a championship and one other working title. The BMDCA Working Dog Award also required a Draft title.

Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America Draft Tests

The Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America Draft Tests are a series of exercises designed to develop and demonstrate the natural abilities of purebred Bernese Mountain Dogs in a working capacity involving hauling. Bernese have historically functioned as draft dogs in various capacities, and performance of these exercises is intended to demonstrate skills resulting from both inherent ability and training that are applicable to realistic work situations. Efficiency in accomplishing the tasks is essential. It is also desirable that the dogs evidence willingness and enjoyment of their work in a combination of controlled teamwork with their handlers and their own natural independence.

BMDCA Draft Tests are judged by two BMDCA approved Draft judges. Entrants are evaluated on their performance of the exercises, teamwork, willingness, ability, enthusiasm, naturalness, and smoothness. The handler is encouraged to talk to the dog during most portions of the test.

Draft Tests Are Divided into Three Parts

Basic Control

This is not designed to be a precise obedience performance but a demonstration of basic responsiveness and control prior to hitching up. A simple obedience style heeling pattern, including turns, changes of pace, and halts, must be executed successfully while maintaining an arm’s length between dog and handler. A recall is also required in this part of the test.

Maneuvering

In a large (100 ft. x 100 ft.) flat ring and with an empty cart/wagon, the team must negotiate a course that includes turns and circles around obstacles, successfully greeting strangers, loading and unloading the draft rig, and navigating a narrow area that is twelve inches wider than the widest part of the drafting cart. The dog must back a distance of one foot in Novice Draft or four feet in Open Draft, successfully pass by audio and visual distractions, and wait while the handler moves an obstacle from the dog’s path.

Group Stay and Freight Haul

The three-minute group stay is performed in the ring while hitched to loaded drafting carts. Novice Draft handlers remain in the ring and the Open Draft handlers go out-of-sight. Following the stay, the teams leave the ring for a half-mile freight haul which traverses the natural terrain of the area, ideally including uphill and downhill slopes and changes of terrain. Teams demonstrate their ability to pull and control the assigned weight over the course. The freight haul finishes back in the ring.

Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America Draft Titles

Eight (8) draft titles can be earned through the BMDCA:

Novice Draft Dog (NDD)

All exercises, except the recall and stay, are performed on-leash. The handler stands across the ring for the three-minute group stay. During the half-mile freight haul, the dog pulls twenty pounds.

Draft Dog (DD)

All exercises are performed off-leash. The handler is out of sight for the three-minute group stay. During the half-mile freight haul, the dog pulls its own weight, rounded down to the nearest ten pounds (e.g., a 93-pound dog will pull 90 pounds).

Brace Novice Draft Dog (BNDD)

This class is for a team of two dogs working side-by-side and on-leash. Each of the dogs must have already earned their NDD. The maneuvering exercises are identical to those in Novice Draft. During the half-mile freight haul, each Novice Brace team pulls forty pounds.

Brace Draft Dog (BDD)

This class is for a team of two dogs working side-by-side off-leash. Each of the dogs must have already earned their BNDD and DD. The exercises are identical to those in Open Draft. During the half-mile freight haul, each team pulls the combined weight the individual dogs would pull in Open Draft (e.g. a 96-pound dog teamed with an 83-pound dog will pull 170 pounds).

The following titles are earned after passing the respective classes five times under at least seven different judges:

• Advanced Novice Draft Dog (ANDD) in Novice Draft (NDD)
• Master Draft Dog (MDD) in Open Draft (DD)
• Advanced Brace Novice Draft Dog (ABNDD) in Brace Novice Draft (BNDD)
• Master Brace Draft Dog (MBDD) in Brace Open Draft (BDD)

A Draft title is also required for the BMDCA Working Dog Award as well as the BMDCA Versatility Award.

Getting Started

The most important thing to keep in mind is to have fun. Whether you are interested in Draft titles, parades or having your Berner help you around the home, carting should be an experience you both enjoy. Start slowly and progress gradually, always keeping within your dog’s zone of comfort. Take the time necessary for your dog to be happy and comfortable at each step of the training. As with all training, use lots of praise, food, rewards, and positive reinforcement. Many Regional Bernese Clubs across the country sponsor Draft clinics, seminars, and classes to help you get started.

Basic Control

Draft work will be much easier to teach if you have established a basic working relationship and control with obedience training. Your Bernese should be able to walk on a loose leash, to stay, and to come when called off-leash. Heelwork will be necessary if you plan to enter a Draft Test.

Safety

Safety is paramount when teaching your dog draft work, because an out of control dog hitched to a drafting cart is a hazard to himself and all around him. During the early stages of training, always keep your dog on leash, and when first hitching your dog to a cart, work with a second person to help manage the situation if the dog should panic.

Harnesses

There are two basic styles of harness to choose from; buckle and siwash. The buckle harness is the traditional harness often seen in older pictures of Bernese carting in Switzerland. Its distinctive feature is a band that crosses the dog’s chest horizontally across the sternum. The siwash harness is the style of harness used in dog sledding. A siwash harness allows complete freedom of movement of the dog’s shoulder assembly that may be restricted by a buckle harness. Some dogs are more comfortable with one type of harness than another, so be flexible. Regardless of style, the harness should fit fairly snugly, without chafing. A properly fitted harness keeps your dog comfortable and safe.

Carts and Wagons

Two-wheeled draft rigs are called carts and four-wheeled are called wagons. A drafting cart is easier to maneuver, especially in tight corners, but any load must be carefully balanced to avoid too much weight on the dog’s shoulders. Wagons are usually larger and less maneuverable, having a wider turning radius, but since any load is fully supported by the four wheels, balance is not a concern. Wagons are more suited to pulling heavy weights. Your choice should be based on your needs. Some people find and adapt antique carts or wagons and some make their own, but they can also be purchased from a variety of sources.

Training

Introduce the harness to your Berner first. Let the dog sniff it, then put it on him and let him wear it around the house and on walks until completely comfortable. Now add the traces and let your dog get used to them dragging. Then attach a light drag to the traces, such as a small piece of wood or partially sand-filled milk jug. Remember, all of this should be done on-leash! Your Berner should be completely comfortable at each step before proceeding to the next. Solid shafts cause some dogs to feel very confined. Time, care, and patience must be taken in introducing them.

Let your dog thoroughly investigate your new drafting cart. Pull it around your yard while the dog follows along. Walk your dog on-leash beside, behind, and in front of the cart. Carts can make odd noises that the dogs need to become accustomed to. Some people even feed their dogs from the cart or beside the cart to create a very positive association.

The Big Day!

Before actually hitching your dog to the drafting cart, place him between the shafts and have him walk between them while you pull the cart. Only when your dog is comfortable at this step should you consider actually hitching him to the cart. When you do first hitch the dog, have a person walk on each side for safety. Take just a few steps and praise, then a few more and praise. Increase distance slowly as your dog becomes more and more comfortable.

When you can do long, straight lines, introduce big wide turns and only gradually tighten them. Your dog must become used to turning into the shafts, and this can take time. Maneuvers such as backing are best taught first without the cart and then with lots of help and praise with the cart.

Careful introduction, an upbeat attitude, lots of praise, and lots of patience will reward you with a happy working partner, eager to join a parade or give a child a ride. You will smile, your Berner will smile, and so will that child in the cart!

Final Thoughts

Although your Berner may not enter a Draft Test until he is two years old, even a little puppy may beintroduced to a harness and dragging traces. Heavy loads, such as required for Open Draft, should not be introduced until a dog is fully mature; at least two years old. Load weight should always be increased very gradually over weeks of time. Your draft dog is an athlete and should be carefully conditioned. So, with safety always first and your Berner and your patience in hand, enjoy exploring the draft heritage of your Bernese Mountain Dog.

For more information, please visit our website at www.bmdca.org

Draft References

• Draftregulations, drafttestschedules, and draft judges are posted on the BMDCA website (www.bmdca.org)
• For information on training, workshops, and matches, contact your regional BMD club. The BMDCA website provides links.

The information provided in this Info Series is reliable but not guaranteed. It is for educational purposes only and the BMDCA assumes no liability for its use. No alterations may be made to this material without permission from the BMDCA and the document must be reproduced in its entirety.

Copyright © 2019 BMDCA All Rights Reserved.

Are you looking for a Bernese Mountain Dog puppy?

The best way to ensure a long and happy relationship with a purebred dog is to purchase one from a responsible breeder. Not sure where to begin finding a breeder? Contact the National Parent Club’s Breeder Referral person, which you can find on the AKC Breeder Referral Contacts page.

Want to help rescue and re-home a Bernese Mountain Dog?

Did you know nearly every recognized AKC purebred has a dedicated rescue group? Find your new best friend on the AKC Rescue Network Listing.

Bernese Mountain Dog Breed Magazine

Showsight Magazine is the only publication to offer dedicated Digital Breed Magazines for ALL recognized AKC Breeds.

Read and learn more about the strong Bernese Mountain Dog breed with articles and information in our Bernese Mountain Dog Breed Magazine.

The post Bernese Mountain Dogs and Draft Work appeared first on Showsight Magazine.

Interview with Bobbie Hefner, Breeder of Swiss Star Farms’ Bernese Mountain Dogs

Where do I live? How many years in dogs? How many years as a breeder?

Bobbie Hefner: I live in Grass Valley, California, on 11 acres with a pond and a house on top of the hill. I have been in dogs since I got my first tri-colored mutt when I was five years of age. At age eight, my father gave me my first camera and I spent time dressing up “Nicky” and photographing him. Seventy-six years later, I am still photographing litters of puppies and dogs.

That five-week-old puppy, given to a five-year-old kid, became the guiding light that took me down the road I never dreamed I would be on. I have been in Bernese Mountain Dogs now for 36 years. I currently have seven Bernese, ranging in age from eight months to 10 years. Five of the seven arenow retired.

What is my kennel name? How many dogs do I currently keep?

Bobbie Hefner: My registered kennel name is Swiss Star’s. I chose it as my lines came down from the Swiss breed and I wanted them to shine in every way a star does.

Which show dogs from the past have been my noteworthy winners?

Bobbie Hefner: I have had many noteworthy winning dogs, but the dog that set me on the road to success was one I was lucky enough to get as a barely two-year-old, and just recently bred to my foundation bitch, Ch. Vombreiterwegs Swiss Lace, “Lacey,” from Mary Townsend. When circumstances had prevented his owners from keeping him, they called me and asked if I wanted to have him. I purchased him with one point left to finish his AKC Championship for a four-dollar transfer fee, a glass of iced tea, and a roast beef sandwich. I had no idea at that time that breed history was going to be made.

He was Am. Can. Mex. FCI Int’l. Ch. Dallybecks Echo Jackson CD NDD HIC TDI CGC. “Jackson” (October 1987-March 1998) was bred by Marge and Andrew Reho. He became the Number One producer of champion dogs in the history of the breed, producing 81 champions. He is also the Number One producer of obedience-titled dogs.

In 1992, Jackson was invited to the AKC National Dog Championship. Because of that, he was the dog used in the AKC video to show what movement should be like in this breed. Even today, many of the past and current Top 20 dogs go back to this dog. In 1993, we retired Jackson from the AKC Breed ring.

In 1990, we sent him to Canada where he was No. 1 BMD and a multiple BIS winner. With two years of limited showing in the US, Jackson placed in or won the Group 47 times. In Jackson’s first litter with my Lacey, four of the seven puppies finished their championship, including Ch. Swiss Star’s Blue Baron who won the National Specialty, not once but twice. At age seven, he because an international champion, receiving the highest V ratings based on the Swiss Standard. I am proud and humbled to share with you his many accomplishments.

Which have been my most influential sires and dams?

Bobbie Hefner: The other dogs that were influential to the history of Swiss Star Farms include Ch. Dallybecks Instant Appeal. “Jessie” took her first 5-point major at six months of age and went on easily to finish her championship. The first time I bred her was to a Norwegian import named Ch. Norman Viking Argo.

Out of that breeding came Ch. Swiss Star’s Christmas Spice, owned by Joe and Lynn Wynne, who took an Award of Merit at Westminster. Out of “Argo” and Jessie came the World Dog Show winner in Mexico, Ch. Swiss Star’s Knight Of A Viking, call name “Normann,” owned by Laura Lopez-Mendez.

After that, she was bred to a Swiss import, owned by my friend, Gina McDonnell, who also owned the 1987 Winner of the National, Ch. Harlequins Thor The Bear, who was also my Lacey’s sire. Gina was on her way to work when she saw this dog in a cow pasture with the cows. She convinced the owner to let her take him home and show him. (It took two weeks to get the “cow stuff” out of his coat and clean him up.) He finished his Canadian championship in three shows. His name was Can. Ch. Weron V.D. Schwarzwasserfluh.

I sent “Jessie” to Gina to be bred to this dog, and that breeding produced six champions, including Am. Can. Ch. Swiss Star’s Midsummer’s Knite, call name “Oberon,” who was also an Award of Merit winner at Westminster and the BOS at the National Specialty in Rhode Island. He was also a multiple Group-placing dog and Canada’s Number One dog in 1995. I repeated the breeding, and that produced Am. Can. Ch. Swiss Star’s Raider of the Last Bark CD. “Harrison” became the first Dual Versatility dog.

We have won every award possible on a National level: BOB, BOS, WD, WB, and BOW, Sweeps and HIT (all except Futurity, as I always forget the timeframe to enter). I have imported dogs from England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic. All finished their championships and all have added something special to my life in dogs. Out of the Lacey and Jackson litters, I am the most proud of a puppy we bred who, at the age of nine, became the first BMD to accomplish the remarkable title of Ch. UDX U-CDX Swiss Star’s Welcome Waggin CDX TD NA CGC. “Stormy” was written up in the AKC Gazette.

Can I talk a bit about my facilities? Where are my puppies whelped? How are they raised?

Bobbie Hefner: All of my puppies are raised in the house. I have an office where the whelping box is and everything that I will need. (Also a very uncomfortable cot that I sleep on close to them for at least two weeks.) After that, they have the run of the office and then I move them to the family room.

At four weeks I let them play on my deck, which is huge. The weather determines how long I let them be outside. I handle the puppies daily, including holding them up, down, etc., which stimulates the immune system. As they get older, we let them roam around on different surfaces, run in and out of tunnels, and play with and explore multiple toys. From three weeks until they go home, I always have lots of company to visit with them.

What is my “process” for selecting show puppies? At what age do I make my decisions?

Bobbie Hefner: Most of my puppies go to wonderful families that already have my dogs, and some are coming back, even now, wanting their seventh dog from me. If I am lucky enough to find a good show home, it is most often a puppy that stands out almost right from the start.

At five weeks, I begin to stack them on a table. At six to seven weeks, I start looking where the post sternum is positioned. I want it to stick out a bit in front of the front legs. After that, I look at where the shoulders are placed and what the rear angulation is like. And then I just sit on the deck and watch them move. This usually says it all. And, of course, I look at the bite, the shape of the eye, and the tail set. I don’t dwell on the markings. When I look at a puppy, or any dog for that matter, I try to determine if that dog can do the work that it was bred to do, and for this breed, it has to be in balance to do the work not only as a Swiss farm dog, but as a cart-pulling dog. Can the dog do it all day without breaking down?

How do I prepare my pups for the show ring? Does my breed require any special preparation?

Bobbie Hefner: I used to show my own dogs and take my own to handling classes, but with a few orthopedic surgeries I now let someone else do that. I do go on walks with them and go through all the motions of making them stand correctly, and let someone check the bite and go over the dog.

Can I share my thoughts on how my breed is currently presented in the show ring?

Bobbie Hefner: I think there is still too much trimming done in this breed. It clearly states in the Standard that the breed should be shown in its natural coat.

Are there any health-related concerns within my breed? Any special nutritional needs?

Bobbie Hefner: The biggest health concern in this breed is their short lifespan, which really has not changed much in years or in any country. The average age is seven, with a variance of two years on either side. Almost all Bernese Mountain dogs will die of cancer, whether they live a short life or a very long life. Histiocytic Sarcoma is the number one killer in BMDs. Once diagnosed, they almost all die within two to four months.

My beautiful first grand champion, “Journey,” GCH Swiss Star’s Off To See The Wizard, had this cancer. We caught it early and treated her with chemo, vitamin C infusions, Chinese herbs, and mushrooms. She lived, happy and pain-free for 19 months, and then, within two days, she had to be put down as our vet thought it had gone into the bone marrow. She was almost nine when she passed.

It is hard to find a Bernese owner who has not had experience with cancer. But that said, it is still the only breed I would ever want. There is just something almost magical about them. Then again, if you don’t want dog hair in that cracked egg you just put in the pan (or hair on your clothes or a “whole other dog” under the couch), you may not want this breed!

Is my breed well-suited to be a family dog? Who are the best candidates to own my breed?

Bobbie Hefner: The Bernese does make a good family dog as they tend to love kids and get along well with other pets. However, a lot depends on how the kids treat the dog. When we have owners with children that we are just getting to know, they have to come to my farm with their children so that I can see how those kids are with not only puppies, but with adult dogs.

This breed is big, powerful, extremely strong, and very intelligent. Without proper training they will run the household and drag you right down the street. By contract, all of our puppies must go to Puppy Socialization Class after 16 weeks. They must attend no fewer than three different Obedience sessions as they mature, and they must have the AKC CGC before they are 18 months old. (Many of my dogs have achieved their CGC by six months of age.) This way, I know the dog will be under some control and is well-behaved, not just when it is home but when it is in any situation.

Do I feel that my breed is supported by a sufficient number of preservation breeders?

Bobbie Hefner: Yes, I think many breeders support the preservation of the breed. Do we need more? I think you can never have enough, and it is important that each breeder helps the next generation of breeders to become what the breed will require in the future. I know there are breeders out there who will not get back to someone who calls looking for a puppy since they don’t have any puppies or their list of buyers is already too long.

Years ago, I know that when I went down the road of becoming a breeder I also needed to be an educator to the public. So, even when my list of people wanting puppies is long or I won’t be breeding again for a year, I answer every call and every email with a note to have them call me at my phone number.

Most who call have never had a Bernese. I talk to everyone and I teach them all I have learned in 36 years; what the breed is really like, what care they need, etc., etc., etc. I am often on the phone for an hour at a time, and many times during the entire week with different people all over the US. I don’t do it because I have all the time in the world, as I don’t. (Not only am I involved in Conformation shows, I do Canine Scent Work with three dogs and Rally with one dog, and also Obedience.) I do it because it is the right time to do it.

For a bit of fun, what’s the most amusing thing I’ve ever experienced with my breed?

Bobbie Hefner: This is the fun part. Four dogs sleep on their own beds in my bedroom, and I set the alarm each morning at 7 a.m. One morning, I woke up early, before the alarm went off, and just hopped out of bed to make coffee and toast. As I was putting butter on the toast, I heard that alarm go off with its “god-awful” sound.

I didn’t want to leave the toast, as I knew one of the other dogs would grab it. So, as I was putting the last amount of butter on the toast, the alarm was getting louder and here comes one of the dogs out of the bedroom with the alarm clock in her mouth, pushing it into my hand. This is how smart they are. All those many mornings, she knew it was me who turned it off and, when I didn’t, she brought it to me so that I could fulfill this a.m. job.

Another time, I was out on the deck with company when my phone in the house started ringing. I was just going to let it ring and go to voicemail but, the next thing I knew, one of the dogs pushed open the screen door to the deck and brought me the phone—still ringing—and handed to me. You just never know what your dog is observing you doing.

I just want to end by saying that even accomplishing many things in the breed, I truly have to thank my many friends and owners of my puppies who have been the reason I’ve prospered within the dog community, and also my family who put up with my dogs and have been there to care for them when I was off photographing and traveling or “vacationing” in a hospital bed after surgery. Well, there is that too! It truly does take a village.

Are you looking for a Bernese Mountain Dog puppy?

The best way to ensure a long and happy relationship with a purebred dog is to purchase one from a responsible breeder. Not sure where to begin finding a breeder? Contact the National Parent Club’s Breeder Referral person, which you can find on the AKC Breeder Referral Contacts page.

Want to help rescue and re-home a Bernese Mountain Dog?

Did you know nearly every recognized AKC purebred has a dedicated rescue group? Find your new best friend on the AKC Rescue Network Listing.

Bernese Mountain Dog Breed Magazine

Showsight Magazine is the only publication to offer dedicated Digital Breed Magazines for ALL recognized AKC Breeds.

Read and learn more about the good-natured Bernese Mountain Dog breed with articles and information in our Bernese Mountain Dog Breed Magazine.

The post Swiss Star Farms’ Bernese Mountain Dogs | Bobbie Hefner appeared first on Showsight Magazine.

How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed
Submitted by the Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America
Written by the late Fran Brown

How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed – First Impression

“The essence of the breed is balance, outline, character, coat, head, and correct carriage.”

Striking, large, tri-colored dog of strong character and beauty. Appearing square, but slightly longer than tall, sturdy (well) boned. Before taking the center of the ring, one must have the ideal Bernese Mountain Dog in mind. The essence of the breed is balance, outline, character, coat, head, and correct carriage. Keep in mind, any dog can gait soundly or correctly, but if he lacks the essence of the breed he is not an ideal Bernese Mountain Dog. No single feature should overpower the impression of the whole dog. Note that a dog measuring 25 inches, as compared to a dog measuring 27-1/2 inches, can be quite different in size; however, both can be correct as they are within the Standard. The quality of the dog takes precedence in your evaluation. The same with bitches.

How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed – Approaching the Bernese Mountain Dog for Examination

When approaching the dog or bitch, you should feel a sense of strong character. Shy or aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Puppies will greet you with enthusiasm, and some with a look of concern. Work with the handler to make it a good experience for the puppy even though it will interrupt a routine examination. Examining the head will reveal important breed details. Markings are sometimes deceiving. Darker faces, less white, and more brown will imply a stern expression. Expression is influenced by markings; however, the stop, ear size and placement, eye shape, and eye color contribute to expression. A profile will allow you to compare the length and depth of muzzle, the skull, and backskull. Dark pigment (lips and mouth) is also considered good breed detail. Take note of bite and dentition.

Continuing the examination will require a judge to determine depth and breadth of chest and formation of shoulders, upper arm, elbow, length of neck, and transition into the withers and back. Pasterns have a slight slope. Confirm that the front legs are well under the body and well behind the post sternum—an important element of a correct outline. A hands-on evaluation of the topline includes slope of croup to set-on of tail, then continuing down the tail checking for kinks and length.

The tail bone must reach to the hocks. Check body for depth, rib cage, and strong loin. Be aware of slab sides and too narrow between the front legs. The Bernese Mountain Dog is not a narrow-made dog nor does he have an extreme tuck-up as a hound or setter. Underline is important and should be felt with the hands. Hindquarter evaluation is accomplished by examination of the well-developed thigh and upper thigh, stifle, and hock. Hindquarters are strong and powerful, and your judgement should not be fooled by artistry of grooming in hocks or stifles. Conditioning is apparent in well-developed thighs.

The hands-on evaluation includes the coat. The coat is thick and moderately long or slightly wavy. The Bernese Mountain Dog is to be shown in a natural coat. Excessive grooming should be discouraged. We put much emphasis on handling and condition in the show ring in America. Even though we like to see dogs presented well and in good condition, grooming and handling skills do not change a mediocre dog. lt is your responsibility to observe the virtues of the dog. Absence of white on the feet or tail does not take away from the quality of the Bernese Mountain Dog. Do not place undue emphasis on markings other than what is mentioned in the Standard as a fault.

How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed – Judging Movement

In judging the gait, the structure of the dog is the primary influence of gait. Carriage is an element that draws the eye when viewing the side gait, and thus, relates to structure and balance.

One element of good carriage is a firm topline and lack of roll. A slow trot is preferred in a draft dog; however, when viewing at a faster trot, the dog converges to a center line of gravity and one can better assess reach and drive. Absence of good reach and drive is non-conforming to the breed and its purpose as a good working dog. A dog that moves rapidly around the ring is not necessarily the correct Bernese Mountain Dog. Do not hesitate to ask a handler to slow down. Take note of the tail carriage.

“The proper balance and breed details are essential, and the dog must be considered as a whole rather than separate parts in the final evaluation.”

In judging the Bernese Mountain Dog, as with any other breed, remember that no dog is perfect. The proper balance and breed details are essential, and the dog must be considered as a whole rather than separate parts in the final evaluation. Lastly, the temperament is self-confident, alert, and good-natured, never sharp or shy. A tail flattened against the belly area is a telltale sign of a dog lacking confidence. Dogs that stand steady, but aloof, are not to be faulted.

How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed – Rules of the Ring

Bernese Mountain Dogs are usually very uncomfortable in direct sun. Judges are urged to avoid undue exposure whenever possible. Be kind to our dogs. Be kind to the exhibitors. The novice exhibitors must be encouraged. Become familiar with the BMDCA Standard. If you are uneasy with the breed, pursue opportunities to observe and discuss the breed for a better understanding. Most Bernese Mountain Dog mentors will gladly devote their time and share their knowledge.

The post How to Judge the Bernese Mountain Dog Breed appeared first on Showsight Magazine.

The Bernese Mountain Dog is one of the four breeds of Sennenhunde working dogs, having their origins in farming areas of Switzerland. All of the Sennenhunde (the other three are the Appenzeller, the Entlebucher, and the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog) are tri-colored dogs sharing similar markings, but only the Bernese is characterized by a long coat.

“Sennenhunde” is what English speakers call the Bernese Mountain Dog. The name has three distinct parts: “Berner” refers to the Canton of Bern in west-central Switzerland, both alpine and farmlands where most of this breed were concentrated during the last part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries. Swiss dog fanciers first became attracted to these native dogs. A “Senn” or “Senner” is the cowherd who accompanies the cattle herds to the Alps in the summer, and “hund” is the dog accompanying the master and herds.

The old records show that Bernese were developed as general-purpose farm dogs. Their work involved driving cattle, for which a large, calm-natured dog was required. They pulled carts laden with dairy product and other items to market, the work requiring a sturdy constitution and the self-confidence to be independent. They were watchdogs around the farms and with the herds, alert and instinctively aware of the things happening around the farm. They lived with their people, whether on the farm or in the alpine huts, and were devoted to them.

Bernese Mountain Dogs are hardy and not bothered by cold weather, rain or snow. On the other hand, their heavy coat means they do not do their best in hot weather. They are natural dogs, in the sense that they are not altered by docking, cropping or trimming. They are honest working dogs, not changed in ways more suitable to the show ring than to the farm.

At the turn of the 19th to 20th centuries, when Swiss dog fanciers turned to the search for old native breeds, the great geologist and dog fancier Dr. Albert Heim was a leader in his admiration for the Berner. He was instrumental in preserving the Berner Sennenhund as a distinct breed.

The Bernese Mountain Dog’s introduction to America began in 1936 with the import of two dogs from Switzerland, a male and female, brought here by Glen Shadow of Ruston, Louisiana. On April 13, 1937, Mr. Shadow received a letter from the American Kennel Club, declaring official recognition of the Bernese as a new breed to the Working Group. From just a few early dogs, the breed’s numbers have climbed steadily. Their population has spread from the dog’s original home in Switzerland to manynations, their capabilities and adaptation a study in utility.

Seeking a balance of beauty, function in form, and solid character has been a constant in breed management from the early days to the present. These dogs were and are now bred for purpose, to serve as companions and working dogs. We continue to cherish the breed’s distinctive qualities of utility and dependability. It is today’s breeder’s role to ensure the breed’s future place as a solidly built, stable working companion—the beautiful and capable Bernese Mountain Dog.

Submitted by BMDCA from the Illustrated standard

The post The History of the Bernese Mountain Dog appeared first on Showsight Magazine.